Validation of ladnslide susceptibility maps (case study: urban area of the municipality of Banja Luka - B&H)
Abstract
Landslides represent a serious geo-hazard in many areas of the world. They are one of the most damaging and most significant geo-hazards in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the previous research, three GIS-based methodologies (Index based method, Statistical index method, and Landslide susceptibility analysis), have been used to assess the landslide susceptibility in urban area of the Municipality of Banja Luka. Validation technique is performed by comparing existing landslide data from 2012 with obtained landslide susceptibility maps. In this research, the landslide susceptibility maps were supplemented by landslide susceptibility map which is prepared using a GIS Matrix method. The area and percentage distribution of the susceptibility classes in the study area were determined as a result of the four different techniques. The Statistical index method has provided the most satisfying results. As a consequence of heavy rains during the period from May to August 2014, 126 landslides occurred in the study area, and they offer a good opportunity to validate obtained landslide susceptibility maps of the study area with landslides that occurred in different periods of time. Validation was performed by using a ‘degree of fit’ method. The values of the degree of fit in high and very high category in all used methods are over 80%, except for GIS matrix method, where the percentage is 60%. The validation of obtained landslide susceptibility maps suggests that the applications of all the used techniques provide a good basis for creation landslide susceptibility maps, but the best results are given by using a Statistical index method.
Key words: landslide, landslide susceptibility maps, GIS matrix method, validation, B&H.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aleotti, P. & Chowdhury, R. (1999). Landslide hazard assessment: summary review and new perspectives. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58(1), 21-44.
Burlica, Č. & Vukorep, I. (1980). Pedološka karta SR Bosne i Hercegovine. U Stefanović, V. i sar. (Ur.) Ekološko-vegetacijska rejonizacija Bosne i Hercevgovine, Posebna izdanja br. 17. Sarajevo: Šumarski fakultet.
Carrara, A., Cardinali, M., Detti, R., Guzzetti, F., Pasqui, V. & Reichenbach, P. (1991). GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16(5), 427-445.
Cascini, L. (2005). Risk assessment of fast landslide-from theory to practice, Proc 9th International Symposium on Landslides. Landslides: Evaluation and Stabilization, Napoli.
Cascini, L. (2008). Applicability of landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning at different scales. Engineering Geology, 102(3), 164-177.
Crozier, M.J. & Glade, T. (2005). Landslide Hazard and risk: Issues, concepts, and approach. In Glade, T., Anderson, M., & Crozier, M.J. (Eds), Landslide hazard and risk (p. 1-40). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Crozier, M.J. (1986). Landslides: causes, consequences and environment. London: Croom Helm.
Cruden, D.M. & Varnes, D.J. (1996). Landslide types and processes. In Turner, A.K. & Schuster, R.L. (Eds): Landslides: investigation and mitigation, special report 247, Transportation Research Board, 36-75. Washington. National Academy of Sciences.
Dahal, R.K, Hasegawa, S., Nonomura, A., Yamanaka, M., Masuda, T. & Nishino, K. (2008). GIS-based weights-of-evidencemodelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catch-ments for landslide susceptibility mapping. Engineering Geology, 54(2), 314-324.
Dietrich, W.E., Reiss, R., Hsu, M.L. & Montgomery, D.R. (1995). A process-based model for colluvial soil depth and shallow landsliding using digital elevation data. Hydrological Process, 9(3-4) 383–400.
Dikau, R., Brunsden, D., Schrott, L. & Ibsen, M.L. (1996). Landslide Recognition: Identification, Movement and Causes. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Dragićević, S., Novković, I. & Prica, M. (2009). The risk of slope processes on the territory of Ub municipality. Bulletin of Serbian Geographical Society, 88(3), 37-44.
Dragićević, S., Carević, I., Kostadinov, S., Novković, I., Abolmasov, B., Milojković, B. & Simić, D. (2012). Landslide susceptibility zonation in the Kolubara river basin (western Serbia) – Analysis of input data. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 7(2), 37-47.
Dragićević, S., Milevski I., Novković, I. & Milojković, B. (2010): The natural conditions as a limiting factor for the development of Serbian-Macedonian border area. The Bulletin of Serbian Geo-graphical Society, 90(4), 29-44.
Fernandez, T., Irigaray, C., El Hamdouni, R. & Chacon, J. (2003). Methodology for landslide susceptibility mapping by means of a GIS. Application to the Contraviesa area (Granada, Spain). Natural Hazards, 30(3), 297-308.
Foumelis, M., Lekkas, E. & Parcharidis, I. (2004). Landslide susceptibility mapping by GIS-based qualitative weighting procedure in Corinth area, Bulletin of 10th International Congress of the Geological Society, Thessalloniki.
Guzzetti, F., Carrara, A., Cardinali, M. & Reichenbach, P. (1999). Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy. Geomorphology, 3(1-4), 181-216.
Highland, L.M., & Bobrowsky, P. (2008). The landslide handbook - A guide to understanding landslides: Reston. U.S: Geological Survey.
Hutchinson, J.N. & Chandler, M.P. (1991). A preliminary landslide hazard zonation of the Undercliff of the Isle of Wight. In Chandler, R.J. (Ed), Slope stability engineering, development and applications, 197-204. London: Institution of Civil Engineers.
Hutchinson, J.N. (1995). Landslide hazard assessment, Landslides, Proceeding of VI International Symposium On Landslides, Rotterdam.
Irigaray, C., Fernandez, T., El Hamdouni, R & Chacon, J. (2007). Evaluation and validation of landslide-susceptibility maps obtained by a GIS matrix method: examples from the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain). Natural Hazards, 41(1), 61-79.
Irigaray, C., Lamas, F., El Hamdouni, R., Fernandez, T. & Chacon, J. (2000). The importance of the precipitation and the susceptibility of the slopes for the triggering of landslides along the roads. Natural Hazards, 21(1), 65-81.
Irigaray. C., Fernandez, T., El Hamdouni, R. & Chacon, J. (1999). Verification of landslide susceptibility mapping. A case study. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24(6), 537-544.
Jimenez-Peralvarez, J.D., Irigaray, C., El Hamdouni, R. & Chacon, J. (2009). Building models for automatic landslide-susceptibility analysis, mapping and validation in ArcGIS. Natural Hazards, 50(3), 571-590.
Jimenez-Peralvarez, J.D., Irigaray, C., El Hamdouni, R. & Chacon, J. (2011). Landslide-susceptibility mapping in a semi-arid mountain environment: an example from the southern slopes of Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70(2), 265-277.
Luzi, L. & Pergalani, F. (1999). Slope Instability in Static and Dynamic Conditions for Urban Planning: the ‘Oltre Po Pavese’ Case History (Regione Lombardia – Italy). Natural Hazards, 20(1), 57-82.
Mojićević, M., Vilovski, S., Tomić, B. & Pamić, J. (1976). Geološka karta Banja Luke, 1:10,000. Beograd: Savezni geološki zavod.
Remondo, J., Gonzalez, A., Dıaz de Teran, J.R., Cendrero, A., Fabbri, A. & Cheng, C.F. (2003). Validation of landslide susceptibility maps: examples and applications from a case study in Northern Spain. Natural Hazards 30(3), 437-449.
Soeters, R. & Van Westen, C.J. (1996). Slope instability recognition analysis and zonation. Landslide types and processes. In Turner, A.K. & Schuster, R.L. (Eds): Landslides: investigation and mitigation, special report 247, Transportation Research Board, 129-177. Washington. National Academy of Sciences.
Tošić, R., Dragićević, S. & Lovrić, N. (2012). Assessment of soil erosion and sediment yield changes using erosion potential method - Case study: Republic of Srpska-BiH. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 7(4), 147-154.
Tošić, R., Dragićević, S., Zorn, M. & Lovrić. N. (2014). Landslide susceptibility zonation: A case study from Banja Luka Municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Acta geographica Slovenica, 54(1), 189-202.
Trkulja, D. (1998). Zemljotresi Banjalučkog regiona. Banja Luka: GrafoMark.
Van Westen, C.J. (1993). Application of Geographic Information
System to landslide hazard zonation (Thesis). Enschede: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences.
Van Westen, C.J. (1997). Statistical Landslide Hazard Analysis. In: Application Guide, ILWIS 2.1 for Windows. Enschede: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences.
Varnes, D.J. (1984). Landslide hazard zonation: a review of principles and practice. Paris: UNESCO.
Zorn, M. & Komac, B. (2009). The Importance of Landsliding in a Flysch Geomorphic System: The Example of the Goriska brda Hills (W Slovenia). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 53(2), 57-78.
Zorn, M. & Komac, B. (2011). Damage caused by natural disasters in Slovenia and globally between 1995 and 2010. Acta geographica Slovenica, 51(1), 7-41.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.